As was done in Antiquity, both medicinal herbs and other medicines were categorized according to the degree of potency of the “cardinal qualities”: dry, moist, hot, and cold. The Arabic texts inspired by Dioscorides, in particular, exhibit a close connection between scientific research in the Islamic world and the legacy of Antiquity. In the field of medicine, Dioscorides’s De Materia Medica was translated and revised. As early as the beginning of the 9th century, the famous medical works of Hippocrates and Galen were translated at schools and libraries in Damascus, Baghdad, and other major cities in the Islamic world. Scientific works from Antiquity were made available to a larger public through translations into Arabic. The Classical Greek and Roman tradition for treatment and medication was further developed in the Islamic world, where it was gradually enriched with new ideas from the Persian and Indian cultural spheres. The advent of Islam did not cause any disruption in the evolution of medical science.
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